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Lets Talk Business_Public Companies

Things required if you are planning to form a Public Company.

Features
Public
Governing Authority and law
Registrar of Companies , Companies Act 2013
Formation (Set up)
Created by Law - Companies act 2013
Cost of formation
Minimum Statutory fee for incorporation of Company is Relatively High
Ownership - Who will be the Owner?
Owned by shareholders and managed by directors
Admission as partner / member
A person can become member by buying shares of a company.
Cessation as partner / member
A member / shareholder can cease to be a member by selling his shares.
Control & Authority – 
Controls and authorities is vested in  Director, who is responsible for day to day activities and functioning of the  Public company.
Nomenclature - Classification / Defination / Differentiation of Name
Suffix ‘LTD’ has to be added to the name
Legal status of  Equity
Public Limited Company is a separate legal entity registered under the Companies Act, 2013.  The Directors and Shareholders of a Public Limited Company are not personally liable for the liabilities of the Company .
Capital (Raised) from
More from public through shares
Existence or Survivability
A company, being a separate legal person, is unaffected by the death or other departure of any member but continues to be in existence irrespective of the changes in membership.
Minimum Paid-Up Share Capital
5,00,000
Members/ Patners/ Shareholders
7 or more members
Commencement  - WHEN
Until certificate of Commencement Is received
Life Span
Not Affected
Registration
Required
Registered office
Required
Company Secretary
Companies with paid-up capital Rs 5 cr or more are required to appoint a whole time Company
Secretary.
Liability of the members
A limited company grants limited liability to its owners and management
Issue of Prospectus (Shares)
Must Issue
Shares
Can be Traded on stock exchange if the company is listed
Share transfer
Yes
Share Certificate
Share Certificates are proof of ownership of shares held by the members in the Company
Qualification shares
Sign an undertaking to acquire
Shares Warrants
Can issue against fully paid shares
Right Issue
Yes
Bonus Issue
Yes
Debentures
Yes
Private Equity
Yes
Annual Statutory Meeting
Public Company must call its statutory Meeting and file Statutory Report with the Registrar of Companies.
Board Meeting
A public limited company must held a Board Meeting atleast once in every 3 months.
Maintenance of Minutes
The proceedings of meeting of the board of directors / shareholders are required to be recorded in minutes.
Annual General Meeting
An Annual General Meeting must be conducted by the Public Limited Company, once every year.
Quoram
 Min. 5 members personnaly present
Designated partner/ Director/ Managing Partner
 Minimum 3 to Maximum15 director
Principal/Agent Relationship
The directors act as agents of the company and not of the members
Power of Member\ Partner\ Director
As per AOA
Book Keeping / Manner of Keeping Books of Accounts
accrual basis and according to the double-entry system of accounting.
Disclouser
Mandatory
Annual Filings
Public Limited Company must file Annual Accounts and Annual Return with the Registrar of Companies each year.
SubmitTax forms
 Income Tax Return must  be filed for the Public Limited Company.
 Submit Profit and loss
Yes Form 23AC to be filed by all companies
External Auditor or Investigators
External Auditor required to  Review financial data
Available for Public (Books of Accounts)
Yes
Profit
Profits can be distributed as dividends to shareholders.
Loss
Reserves will be utilised
Taxation
Tax rate of 30% on the total income and surcharge of 5% if the income exceeds 10 Million plus 3% Education cess & Secondary and Higher Education cess on the total of income tax and surcharge.
Credibility
Enjoys high rate of creditworthiness
Dissolution
Not easy
Managerial Remuneration
cannot exceed 11% of the net profits
Voting rights
Voting rights  are decided as per the number of shares held by the members
compromise/ Arrangements/ Merger / Amalgamation
Companies can enter into Acompromise/ Arrangements/ Merger / Amalgamation sec(390-396)
Responsibility for
management of
business/ Decision making
the power of decision making in a company is vested in the Board of director, The shareholders of a company do not have the right to participate in the day-to-day management of the business of a company
Sue & be Sued
sued in the name LTD Company
Foreign Direct Investment
Permissible subject to limits
Property (Ownership of Assets )
The company independent of members have ownership of assets
Purchase of property
Can also purchase movable / immovable property in its name
Perpetual Succession
It has perpetual succession.
Common seal
Yes
Memorandum and Articles of Association \ Partnership deed/ Partnership Agreement
MOA/AOA
Rights / Duties / obligation of Partners / Managing Partners / Directors
Rights / Duties / obligation of directors are governed by  Companies act 2013
Voting Rights for Electing the Director / Chairman
Shareholders
Drawing - Personal Expenses from company fund
Not Allowed
Woman Director
(Every Listed Company /Public Company with paid up capital of Rs 100 Crores or more / Public Company with turnover of Rs 300 Crores or more shall have at least one Woman Director.)
Whistle Blowing
As per Sec.177 of the Companies Act,2013,  companies  have to establish Vigil/Whistle-blowing mechanism to report any unethical behaviour or other concerns to the management


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